{"id":"CVE-2015-7225","details":"Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not \"burn\" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.","aliases":["GHSA-x489-jjwm-52g7"],"modified":"2026-01-27T04:15:07.315155Z","published":"2017-09-06T21:29:00Z","withdrawn":"2026-01-27T04:15:07.315155Z","references":[{"type":"ARTICLE","url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/06/20/4"},{"type":"ARTICLE","url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/09/17/2"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76789"},{"type":"ARTICLE","url":"https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=798466"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/blob/master/UPGRADING.md"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/issues/45#issuecomment-139335608"}],"schema_version":"1.7.3","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"}]}