{"id":"CVE-2023-53024","summary":"bpf: Fix pointer-leak due to insufficient speculative store bypass mitigation","details":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix pointer-leak due to insufficient speculative store bypass mitigation\n\nTo mitigate Spectre v4, 2039f26f3aca (\"bpf: Fix leakage due to\ninsufficient speculative store bypass mitigation\") inserts lfence\ninstructions after 1) initializing a stack slot and 2) spilling a\npointer to the stack.\n\nHowever, this does not cover cases where a stack slot is first\ninitialized with a pointer (subject to sanitization) but then\noverwritten with a scalar (not subject to sanitization because\nthe slot was already initialized). In this case, the second write\nmay be subject to speculative store bypass (SSB) creating a\nspeculative pointer-as-scalar type confusion. This allows the\nprogram to subsequently leak the numerical pointer value using,\nfor example, a branch-based cache side channel.\n\nTo fix this, also sanitize scalars if they write a stack slot\nthat previously contained a pointer. Assuming that pointer-spills\nare only generated by LLVM on register-pressure, the performance\nimpact on most real-world BPF programs should be small.\n\nThe following unprivileged BPF bytecode drafts a minimal exploit\nand the mitigation:\n\n  [...]\n  // r6 = 0 or 1 (skalar, unknown user input)\n  // r7 = accessible ptr for side channel\n  // r10 = frame pointer (fp), to be leaked\n  //\n  r9 = r10 # fp alias to encourage ssb\n  *(u64 *)(r9 - 8) = r10 // fp[-8] = ptr, to be leaked\n  // lfence added here because of pointer spill to stack.\n  //\n  // Ommitted: Dummy bpf_ringbuf_output() here to train alias predictor\n  // for no r9-r10 dependency.\n  //\n  *(u64 *)(r10 - 8) = r6 // fp[-8] = scalar, overwrites ptr\n  // 2039f26f3aca: no lfence added because stack slot was not STACK_INVALID,\n  // store may be subject to SSB\n  //\n  // fix: also add an lfence when the slot contained a ptr\n  //\n  r8 = *(u64 *)(r9 - 8)\n  // r8 = architecturally a scalar, speculatively a ptr\n  //\n  // leak ptr using branch-based cache side channel:\n  r8 &= 1 // choose bit to leak\n  if r8 == 0 goto SLOW // no mispredict\n  // architecturally dead code if input r6 is 0,\n  // only executes speculatively iff ptr bit is 1\n  r8 = *(u64 *)(r7 + 0) # encode bit in cache (0: slow, 1: fast)\nSLOW:\n  [...]\n\nAfter running this, the program can time the access to *(r7 + 0) to\ndetermine whether the chosen pointer bit was 0 or 1. Repeat this 64\ntimes to recover the whole address on amd64.\n\nIn summary, sanitization can only be skipped if one scalar is\noverwritten with another scalar. Scalar-confusion due to speculative\nstore bypass can not lead to invalid accesses because the pointer\nbounds deducted during verification are enforced using branchless\nlogic. See 979d63d50c0c (\"bpf: prevent out of bounds speculation on\npointer arithmetic\") for details.\n\nDo not make the mitigation depend on !env-\u003eallow_{uninit_stack,ptr_leaks}\nbecause speculative leaks are likely unexpected if these were enabled.\nFor example, leaking the address to a protected log file may be acceptable\nwhile disabling the mitigation might unintentionally leak the address\ninto the cached-state of a map that is accessible to unprivileged\nprocesses.","modified":"2026-05-18T05:57:11.752991188Z","published":"2025-03-27T16:43:49.824Z","related":["SUSE-SU-2025:1176-1","SUSE-SU-2025:1183-1","SUSE-SU-2025:1194-1","SUSE-SU-2025:1195-1","SUSE-SU-2025:1241-1","SUSE-SU-2025:1263-1","SUSE-SU-2025:1293-1"],"database_specific":{"osv_generated_from":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/53xxx/CVE-2023-53024.json","cna_assigner":"Linux"},"references":[{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01bdcc73dbe7be3ad4d4ee9a59b71e42f461a528"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/81b3374944d201872cfcf82730a7860f8e7c31dd"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aae109414a57ab4164218f36e2e4a17f027fcaaa"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0c89ef025562161242a7c19b213bd6b272e93df"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da75dec7c6617bddad418159ffebcb133f008262"},{"type":"WEB","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4f4db47794c9f474b184ee1418f42e6a07412b6"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/53xxx/CVE-2023-53024.json"},{"type":"ADVISORY","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53024"},{"type":"PACKAGE","url":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git"}],"affected":[{"ranges":[{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"872968502114d68c21419cf7eb5ab97717e7b803"},{"fixed":"aae109414a57ab4164218f36e2e4a17f027fcaaa"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"f5893af2704eb763eb982f01d573f5b19f06b623"},{"fixed":"81b3374944d201872cfcf82730a7860f8e7c31dd"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"0e9280654aa482088ee6ef3deadef331f5ac5fb0"},{"fixed":"da75dec7c6617bddad418159ffebcb133f008262"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"2039f26f3aca5b0e419b98f65dd36481337b86ee"},{"fixed":"01bdcc73dbe7be3ad4d4ee9a59b71e42f461a528"},{"fixed":"b0c89ef025562161242a7c19b213bd6b272e93df"},{"fixed":"e4f4db47794c9f474b184ee1418f42e6a07412b6"}]},{"type":"GIT","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"last_affected":"0b27bdf02c400684225ee5ee99970bcbf5082282"}]}],"versions":["v4.19.271","v4.19.270","v4.19.269","v4.19.268","v4.19.267","v4.19.266","v4.19.265","v4.19.264","v4.19.263","v4.19.262","v4.19.261","v4.19.260","v4.19.259","v4.19.258","v4.19.257","v4.19.256","v4.19.255","v4.19.254","v4.19.253","v4.19.252","v4.19.251","v4.19.250","v4.19.249","v4.19.248","v4.19.247","v4.19.246","v4.19.245","v4.19.244","v4.19.243","v4.19.242","v4.19.241","v4.19.240","v4.19.239","v4.19.238","v4.19.237","v4.19.236","v4.19.235","v4.19.234","v4.19.233","v4.19.232","v4.19.231","v4.19.230","v4.19.229","v4.19.228","v4.19.227","v4.19.226","v4.19.225","v4.19.224","v4.19.223","v4.19.222","v4.19.221","v4.19.220","v4.19.219","v4.19.218","v4.19.217","v4.19.216","v4.19.215","v4.19.214","v4.19.213","v4.19.212","v4.19.211","v4.19.210","v4.19.209","v4.19.208","v4.19.207","v5.4.230","v5.4.229","v5.4.228","v5.4.227","v5.4.226","v5.4.225","v5.4.224","v5.4.223","v5.4.222","v5.4.221","v5.4.220","v5.4.219","v5.4.218","v5.4.217","v5.4.216","v5.4.215","v5.4.214","v5.4.213","v5.4.212","v5.4.211","v5.4.210","v5.4.209","v5.4.208","v5.4.207","v5.4.206","v5.4.205","v5.4.204","v5.4.203","v5.4.202","v5.4.201","v5.4.200","v5.4.199","v5.4.198","v5.4.197","v5.4.196","v5.4.195","v5.4.194","v5.4.193","v5.4.192","v5.4.191","v5.4.190","v5.4.189","v5.4.188","v5.4.187","v5.4.186","v5.4.185","v5.4.184","v5.4.183","v5.4.182","v5.4.181","v5.4.180","v5.4.179","v5.4.178","v5.4.177","v5.4.176","v5.4.175","v5.4.174","v5.4.173","v5.4.172","v5.4.171","v5.4.170","v5.4.169","v5.4.168","v5.4.167","v5.4.166","v5.4.165","v5.4.164","v5.4.163","v5.4.162","v5.4.161","v5.4.160","v5.4.159","v5.4.158","v5.4.157","v5.4.156","v5.4.155","v5.4.154","v5.4.153","v5.4.152","v5.4.151","v5.4.150","v5.4.149","v5.4.148","v5.4.147","v5.4.146","v5.10.165","v5.10.164","v5.10.163","v5.10.162","v5.10.161","v5.10.160","v5.10.159","v5.10.158","v5.10.157","v5.10.156","v5.10.155","v5.10.154","v5.10.153","v5.10.152","v5.10.151","v5.10.150","v5.10.149","v5.10.148","v5.10.147","v5.10.146","v5.10.145","v5.10.144","v5.10.143","v5.10.142","v5.10.141","v5.10.140","v5.10.139","v5.10.138","v5.10.137","v5.10.136","v5.10.135","v5.10.134","v5.10.133","v5.10.132","v5.10.131","v5.10.130","v5.10.129","v5.10.128","v5.10.127","v5.10.126","v5.10.125","v5.10.124","v5.10.123","v5.10.122","v5.10.121","v5.10.120","v5.10.119","v5.10.118","v5.10.117","v5.10.116","v5.10.115","v5.10.114","v5.10.113","v5.10.112","v5.10.111","v5.10.110","v5.10.109","v5.10.108","v5.10.107","v5.10.106","v5.10.105","v5.10.104","v5.10.103","v5.10.102","v5.10.101","v5.10.100","v5.10.99","v5.10.98","v5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