{"id":"UBUNTU-CVE-2015-7225","details":"Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not \"burn\" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.","modified":"2025-07-16T08:18:15.343477Z","published":"2017-09-06T21:29:00Z","withdrawn":"2025-07-18T16:43:16Z","upstream":["CVE-2015-7225"],"references":[{"type":"REPORT","url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2015-7225"},{"type":"REPORT","url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/09/06/2"},{"type":"REPORT","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-7225"}],"affected":[{"package":{"name":"ruby-devise-two-factor","ecosystem":"Ubuntu:16.04:LTS","purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby-devise-two-factor@2.0.0-1?arch=source&distro=xenial"},"ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"2.0.0-1"}]}],"versions":["1.1.0-1"],"ecosystem_specific":{"availability":"No subscription required","binaries":[{"binary_version":"2.0.0-1","binary_name":"ruby-devise-two-factor"}]},"database_specific":{"source":"https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices/blob/main/osv/cve/2015/UBUNTU-CVE-2015-7225.json"}}],"schema_version":"1.7.3","severity":[{"type":"CVSS_V3","score":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"},{"type":"Ubuntu","score":"medium"}]}